The Great Factoring Challenge
Behold, the Great Factoring Challenge! Not to be confused with the RSA Factoring Challenge, which has been ongoing now for many years (some of the challenges have now been solved and their solutions are now available) and has cash prizes involved.
I started this challenge after a discussion in #wikipedia-en about RSA and the ease of cracking RSA keys. Anyone is welcome to join, so have at it!
All moduluses (moduli?) are given in hexadecimal (preceeded by 0x
) and decimal. Many thanks to w:User:Shirik for providing the decimal conversions of the moduli for 768, 1024, and 2048!
Solutions: Please send your solutions (the two prime numbers p and q used to create each modulus, see Wikipedia) to these problems to factoring [ a t ] fastlizard4 [ d o t ] org
! Including your Wikipedia/IRC username will get you an accolade of some sort! Regardless, any name you list in your email will be used to provide you credit in the Correct Solutions section below. If you want to include any details on how you solved the problems, include them in your email and they will also be posted here in the solutions list!
Before attempting these problems, you may wish to familiarize yourself with the RSA algorithm. Using the symbols from the algorithm description in the linked article, the moduli below are n, and you want to factor n to find p and q while knowing only n.
The moduli below are from RSA keys generated using the openssl
command line utility on a 64-bit Ubuntu Linux server. The command used was sudo openssl genrsa -out $1.key $1
where $1 is the key strength (128, 256, 512, 768, 1024, and 2048). The modulus for each key was found by running openssl rsa -modulus -in $1.key -out $1.mod
and the primes were found using openssl rsa -text -in $1.key -out $1.txt
. Both the text files containing the primes and the original private keys are on file.
Difficulties noted with each modulus are not necessarily what you'll experience. The difficulty of each problem depends on what algorithms you use, for example. However, the difficulties are useful for determining the relative difficulty of the problems with each other. It should be noted that the best current public cryptanalysis of RSA is up to 768-bits; that is, moduli of up to 768 bits in length have already been factored.
Contents
Testcases
This RSA moduli below are for testing implementations only. No solutions will be accepted for this; indeed, the answers are even provided below. However, you can (and should) use these testcases to ensure that any program you write or use is actually working correctly.
RSA/32 A
Difficulty: So easy a VAX could do it. Your DVD player, too.
Private-Key: (32 bit)
modulus n: 3934128073 (0xea7e07c9)
publicExponent: 65537 (0x10001)
privateExponent: 3096202993 (0xb88c4ef1)
prime1 p: 62939 (0xf5db)
prime2 q: 62507 (0xf42b)
exponent1: 31021 (0x792d)
exponent2: 30789 (0x7845)
coefficient: 61045 (0xee75)
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MC0CAQACBQDqfgfJAgMBAAECBQC4jE7xAgMA9dsCAwD0KwICeS0CAnhFAgMA7nU=
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
RSA/32 B
Difficulty: So easy a VAX could do it. Your DVD player, too.
Private-Key: (32 bit)
modulus n: 3583955293 (0xd59ed15d)
publicExponent: 65537 (0x10001)
privateExponent: 2867418417 (0xaae95531)
prime1 p: 60779 (0xed6b)
prime2 q: 58967 (0xe657)
exponent1: 33933 (0x848d)
exponent2: 19769 (0x4d39)
coefficient: 42230 (0xa4f6)
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MC4CAQACBQDVntFdAgMBAAECBQCq6VUxAgMA7WsCAwDmVwIDAISNAgJNOQIDAKT2
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
RSA/64
Difficulty: Easy
Private-Key: (64 bit)
modulus n: 16748810522526493651 (0xe86fba6e65842bd3)
publicExponent: 65537 (0x10001)
privateExponent: 1219545047445013185 (0x10ecb1c25c8c02c1)
prime1 p: 4265529707 (0xfe3ed16b)
prime2 q: 3926548793 (0xea0a6139)
exponent1: 2656477943 (0x9e56a2f7)
exponent2: 1525396833 (0x5aebb561)
coefficient: 2736310387 (0xa318c873)
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MD8CAQACCQDob7puZYQr0wIDAQABAggQ7LHCXIwCwQIFAP4+0WsCBQDqCmE5AgUA
nlai9wIEWuu1YQIFAKMYyHM=
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
128-bit RSA
Difficulty: Mild
Modulus=0xE7D605E937A0B8EB0A31DD685F3C0875 Modulus=308162938443467880757692372610071660661
256-bit RSA
Difficulty: Moderate
Modulus=0xEB5549BD79CDD3CDD48C931754B7739C2D840C4847EB722782CF103FBD79A36D Modulus=106444210353314459494776176906754614678652995403104636173578215395897147761517
512-bit RSA
Difficulty: Challenging
Modulus=0xBE85FB983073B496AB04A0CC04EE4515CE8F5EF6BA44C4F1A0F850C68C97995CA76540206CD3BC08693BFCC61EE4FDD8509EE222C9866EC9CE0E0DF37CEA6D23 Modulus=9978518573603876093789324998666265401107033139797543804288209530518842420080876075779983260396656628637896619182831476291290515146524046523028475866672419
768-bit RSA
Difficulty: Hard
Modulus=0xBBF1DFE649EB933C3A3EFF9A8E6CC48D86032F253B70EFBF033C3462841C7362CA1FD95287A7475CAA3A225AA7ADF8BEC9F5E82E5C40C4026E07B817CF7A4B7D4AF5C183B67CB356747114A708D0AD304F749FE5757F5BF57C8BD04F69C5C925 Modulus=1139795849900923923354271059604307494555491892673422185149471786568450883672003097589714327538716710633964224199683099750023992560100740676517306775986926016123550863829762039948072259344686542838208196255416863976293523073060423973
1024-bit RSA
Difficulty: Ludicrous
Modulus=0xC0EC91D232681A7DE0D66D034B5DF9E03776F5B78CBCE9F7FF4AF7CA47E06DDECCCD6C964D905F7368C76CD2F20BBDFA073E6902C311100903EF870E57D8267656DC70E442C1420FFCC0D9F10E20ECDA65AB75B1081EDF3C69E112A233BC01BC02876DEB08139AF960CDC1701AB38ED86FF4E7D18AA235A035B3F5778C934DA7 Modulus=135475910240232261321675456529140759144516177876761672134498277465708747525087233245135068420553906863774343232846114200440928785995673673713968910253432672358906220969261828602410980412274211419591048864543493240823574719554970851928938915752404867450141760790762070326006945313068083053014321461750291189159
2048-bit RSA
Difficulty: Impossible (probably cannot be cracked in the next few decades without a quantum computer)
Modulus=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odulus=23255858762313669680919279685825337827100217609088322030372518476734397390962668356079070127999670496811281160674542568891652392913136541900550084448190677632686809852210495159272923898610518773394325492383535106871592098618067167461497963775296393965938097636030855013819409002922794204392277182870944908547678960033091644875157649672940097036088772581783047411611122223255948015774707493382671415151993748861800550863311547940110351844731780371517066075044700828247324303524675095516141163441800577418325111582149772646051129512618745229345711814905288450942831424285753833986718938630295146077713803941905910743507
4096-bit RSA
Difficulty: The engines can't take it anymore, captain! (probably cannot be cracked in the next few decades without a quantum computer)
Modulus=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odulus=938526311360739833086461038829310111015989546988043619323285662886971235826448901380366296915545764828933281116801778692444493827116328138442449511777534552067560347078549609760810239779140450264304649109141789448063030926854801115778535670049976381983873375094619299899981387136755874006653842294137574659175266609418893570722818940252472028324086117887034130412835681842166328411590258544607774245712880103916531526460135345754804456359689082457325574735312314625407274179987017793814808901334359548803204883443753606049573689281906205857714852276229126827620046176255418618385911419260853392179459564364878130571863918298271383617149901781829049915144449393594340870311559838614828254853925913240368167632956395100293761485146300093253356223341955497990286847998101246563222723504833883428643443605472253911919371626460024106295396529427405184144405862045684999562090447261723494866259298039376775826752134202521536034602508998391927173084715169491068832471823083219871411505701801100721752463409764830391226428300704403179873541191952809518304164439454251400218206210101429639056794551393158602768959067278172189269645485107142021376849270761596906287867558867704258825820241451162605541745494326239501092685160622524564030592281
8192-bit RSA
Difficulty: Fools, they called me mad! (probably cannot be cracked in my lifetime without a quantum computer)
Modulus=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odulus=953727866795899932427305841410142755076432360614301123626614253952365586853661576606994082077595839432579507608006723860517687235859363354809224572211571466726352988362893060254921122544904828192922092132870365402881574500660719104900445297881176949135119878573239330637717669848619536386060219048268463638746215198704496979094949128215842962902214278652717300423131954369472143968116387858320629599547303817754381494874674048470592572102692936172862842479521833166778720207387278214646814820760175382154743709592023997331397691281518525207065235050829816785383875495598975761532370478514164180621421822865146112744046647584598898224992858611423976657958073867840092536291734233352140174863875538322000756384840737327490211187894882742567264985442135247598191865799665857412389606190799148531675047810577610506686045352164159740173312094670473351533469804180572282354774354513683212155722144878290159983626797581668531865317877701781431104499663570190311702763561626050971486467792844033695129315061172327734237880334624945146255354253723581986575497336739500291767616008311094135818159443361733415530960595667517514114146906794351634830973151685396633508811258382238074401332421063471241226469924099380078492309963416481705153644879193040513203684939725287447811899187890823267786911627907594917852859800434919849079541050639996651120640057720540168534800091467724251850638113810977323953764290376145131670109725461312457923350146775681589960148698353445020059145814193374568402180395032163944771658315986558749714150150872147490833253124116399659451511452118052861326005051140241705830243770275065587215645221056183682668943278045597049228390624718424914929917013868220401001583564192050194017937957927493443861934295325185538263767938653295760392370860827127927804920612614061493855875314275569526354908432647378407723718238441787238223345037521324998859680116571349114295554785329413694604509037363125872855557432777227493981321429441265173128206328655708680765283884613436304170338955780751510163175236628485542460793053196948412069637807319916317082425956865796096231480354590760973029690799887240997768092621572807092266011871756867620973182630098942698872006788801595255856393161365292796819622596250050883403197980861774824797840540607808215719648361508812943824908692021516780177631861963443147777980093720340500449715710127462449355211107928253098250439243737728391096151331635932735272243535583773016736221336582677365182520552281507445314106211596893107
16384-bit RSA
Difficulty: I AM BECOME RSA, THE DESTROYER OF GPUs (probably cannot be cracked in my lifetime without a quantum computer)
Modulus=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odulus=1048117575583393609126303335323246650908998529810125140419371083575658662046668968178842491542842307902759041038929757449605737281293864427963015234700520715233814026239436655965033081174768840086159713624911988855898254819637588725597553334553847573432098810876828404913357819267039613555545476744501456222592520033678131122546514121367841508569829682773014369887724306761366392595205054046245138340280824829313344161869506256889060785304061029760690753106110313305440716343858831460524708256090223872316642386738636948890432998230788104023678177126849315158311355595949017719286807363934943489184546333548953447750734620620770173948836792118982014316197707204522184949890188330913105516183865975163646761266197483694014165330925752671381786586281799886176785138846952775371593462217645393761370581164860309662022410959877685881631907316573851782948702295603069827171793957876374399637130438036704052226963482045472881877933953342835735854592130183660747783327657861257238614614956073679589707875511442354077059437575126744393598100497819991222965344435319244913473691212057302965626183432671997700687410468056033828983703581315038205360830354592091947197733721238342889218050517080882181340671116809184248764408041785467386528511516738750224195402221145517882220454799578489415316046666715578131055355937629540866074299205482989605590215323764911549589129216207519585586995607959037554946660362839337064411166142199355089170219058315136093193966863399137985922316788992377058857609326302159843336838266956944261549247719234435970908318135309072169801537692076256440258998472548717897250073507435749581556164280360756049167806025877704905425039906451475472116588680439574035543115143049240602238418106892646213177571993006708536173077607471341297014794230852954423799105821418299801194123785335429016722534491407381042913427834730792536667493617422478383058703885297124571991106407952068257659195738225712955716668681184936752034804191008712842221736092691493456730053023727410168680546224379029551463107094155566029849959392872712218486365274775580616767807466748488606533684998179428323194460800697711955170430004295485428480149701014876097856255682264122358848900807732288348789942167538479753074548477858952370282700807516753900903410512832595375870237965869402685582509893492726043580725682503352285885594948406249206717377744254224931878004760632148444647595425348603342682867950734414885496673238511364862027830730154266775901179114944464387597363298433190113705720568172238578640443831984130094118865757651513971383660181175594189669998533995140862528088036986309735573831387529692992347697595551649185175240426027638157274351982506530295899066237758538351837096581793752578471507974673669010273384946880161048560945263700720960365902269525653272163361720338339690785896506285328946180838471491593683647232474894289322813097649228482348009706344953961073629432216123706116304248029306129649884265831752411203932152079534978321208282699032362890070452996032051563561539056516318261762156794288574310396171892150188563846617791743349763339080546965955102288704039573121307858591001655393827072391779324300386473843202061569927093412762462685592626021754809704068696016216513979175310139637908971722616135785673434937892247552036224749955688434727877717317870068169960239152452903158981965512496250964194495182293150942458055354481622579114512219003541404245516430312443396849285105651563147294377834012940621120953938727139132161288120244201369293209011121004990853997747332853900119279478792356924784134603449826861605714579918978536468748051713789102685582948358984395809557820653214847411734053558141988704617478727705523666693285986337823774331518260706882205237741404941923421787932944287373521899273310259147049773215536435534227806862581513178566980888047482614790186913299094307016493047788803023941016285359766403231219219962299666120758732965667397097862961286799368858096767850407621844805538751512372656685295229156899562007059521466328627222760283516173853543027726090836854259891217043064646566914322444207714234501209724471351210784600747597696118788568977116594986360164567426296935830856276955935819361067216299747187899081121886708257781973036388734664800920834450911897818308224731141972387982903188785281802660130756124899120200441444201688125763853128052628138869226114534469184078842460815950383536513625646665924938269621976575438543458442239045149597025538835592412645206728777826374834472286400433948671466418677555537711264833519538997793953115639617703703868946616985509352387344213623626400918250690538250629830847222445311599190707942015605601804995506472399798854916235368115779874369018628441131772334062623259494056678397692269380444538412489548662896151000507697899946293981184089580222802526046268735396753569214153903851680887287107720714455797293238579924484380144906879691393362201874879455958471959197566123833978610674898094308535977442146402658669152109683499289241114050572159187605899
32768-bit RSA
Difficulty: Sado-masochist (probably cannot be cracked in my lifetime without a quantum computer)
Modulus=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odulus=116740073914826853660478113040146635112676796781669622402462355345076125795832059226477914930858645344077558537285742073366738100896725877528907776171249309439005050945795666751686240976297470546810507009885924952432900953976891721810837562752045562210709868221574131951028930012394632007251606652235716542114861297846292697571815623683632244333187652094368517094290068834181266895175077313373095840225863594151159070743684296733962605999191384508333574532493417460006080351736875028367462593787128132855777767730962601977434458222668962958778176036142309805067208628443041992819525955432659847752530685847145369660236055212390610467839598897989936051466088533972659185916264829893712376854713738347738674017627587969487541340892632585709026700839812579317759792335899826735614170488223326223655969694601284976704504357663424161856750265390153745640233308661370399361208276602649728477575219547621901715316194845555721691349978724699115765531673967411669701125075556194505403718168909495706054280312523409224008274402339761706983331664707364076616707550871777712134137615803398850075031051001909830906675351036645593038716851922480667066783621766530420367784005500072419982293731818540873453690959604530243444010406334837194835283929066228681929554737755782056437560420590815022311591366703994560184779458342706192136684850351748561701586157678430856735216345228430230014379939787815831905147707651471987478671040477414599162191670717737332755818111478096353924875705274565784159961352868031424234527184894855447955023820939091256642920376863836141545043702731748884281124149845266415111050498682353892316409550428236217560839716542345066405022782206720418753973002764945723846299925691147643794146237613721138921682087961658814928407747149221354723187798843451636645232149512272088682985975090009998502488654772598548982515369860690106568828932836858093672576638878515574816927517091712327388323889842523967297128257486092347862945551939240790184068569427993391561888109313022826233445493308131830688286788878835594817953405347368900846741440207889874622744016731366397794754780673258713657380664533626705664113883713146859881842156222433258728763473206537864752099415396722032367892194079425288342498055989854335621127700526520829394174301921600931177633258931116910871657867723095125501930137986880007231822704928629860280741694799336340918389145323457588175605323262862703310433495381618014088189712676536371225159293115816816175151424347087130342798977068573789532933997573491276849520844112779982697078745716689994040929587767918595019154829472329875890527051989062759169307612533496511603440174087506469548404060527219537764981116052222389300490272042623207338770849556335937126868240668235175147443594281699080640725004864074130183939453356757447590734687900187410986194224349497545111423769006874371788422070020262976379244246720570916350486100061483258831887726943314085324592227305302569618650499018224277681920764266792086905593882560231729916880087852399501003522956328837753899796228599409146232628573884584894947886379873335898146639596660906309137151001179959086306865971825599661526382434053226783620831266892243997888740077121467738455308356371696340576381968644949053822281622315652679056947717224293403201938347533700181469980927493997715625124061243920556920980455360395385101725940555612344758477751380897781359635637918234432753798908504258283830919839848968437413692877486030365091634404259556049032479493765787378892915159528738959932477517785733858289370199227970188759484097970202165837099776715506879899393357219092334228124467883445289714316544034344544716328798802958915038991402130395851643323853105749357489125127553418222601457210850661442876636035556242703900677946168008275009703665038168402511585810791406121997862779251268580575802392433113672117692563884133866790353183488099467797020964494405133223964169395227412142876321015962825715720417261695793564596189181628351726809525505749436004480629514073093401703157226859430623419335417993645567642509742856477840801173488975377923852641447147650497073982402209053148441299685227398565446576671571277152380376782955114708938480036153782215121184096403578413488505821362429327091706477973086298097794028897976168698045913499397614598069243909641096824824808462517304042546940114179784978628822974791873426614024949961705281939251642090260734549834500640813079454228565084948157348393767319297548152823854243504472448698093430489510498148157679495400165415552759788954681868589082150112962428837639242659857872535360886966216352713028424463912089482371869549847122600363040806676535818426563778546246334787356502501743769685172316533914252731494131731013888774513643927401058021902186259262351867345619566718720769205224362557000345005548855623547019420961633864463478162013798703696879713410378077515865991045752963758253492237766191844918715739757440629777729791035173871336708697627029614235158920011682705131422055189485891543435646287255006590785569408273749371576189428818502710253059578140225395656053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Correct Solutions
128-bit RSA
- TLUL
- Graa - Used the GMP C library to implement Shanks' square forms factorization; solution took 7 minutes on a computer with an Intel i5-4590 CPU @ 3.30GHz and 16 GiB of RAM
256-bit RSA
512-bit RSA
- HJElliott - Used the CADO-NFS 2.2.0 Python script to factor the 512-bit modulus in about 14.5 days.
768-bit RSA
None yet....
1024-bit RSA
None yet....
2048-bit RSA
None yet....
4096-bit RSA
None yet...
8192-bit RSA
None yet...
16384-bit RSA
None yet...
32768-bit RSA
None yet...